HOW TO ENSURE SAFE AND CONTINOUS POWER SUPPLY.

• STOP DOUBLE FEEDING ON ELECTRICITY LINES.

You double feed when you take supply from two different
transformers substation to the same premises at the same time.
Most people who do this do not realize the harm and the damage
this causes.
It has caused the electrocution of Electric Utility workmen
It has caused the total breakdown of transformers substations
causing total darkness in some localities
It has caused dangerous voltage in some place destroying
appliances.
It is a very good catalyst for fire out-break
Another hazardous practice very similar to this is when electric
generator is connected directly to the mains House wiring
without an effective change-over switch. This is explained more
under the Generators section pg----

ENSURE PROPER ISOLATING DEVICES FROM THE MAINS POWER
SUPPLY ARE IN PLACE AND EASILY ACCESIBLE.
Many people just connect supply from the pole without ensuring
that standard Cut . out fuses are provided in easily accessible
position. Should there be a problem that could make the incoming
supply undesirable; the point of isolation from such supply should
be easily reached.
Also on the basis of cost implication most people do not appreciate
the need for fused or mcb.s distribution boards for household
wiring. This is wrong and should be corrected.

• AVOID IMPROPERLY TERMINATED CONNECTIONS.
It is a common eyesore these days to see quack and unqualified
personnel connect supply lines, cables and electrical circuit without
properly securing such, tightly. You can even see some of these
people use a stick to remove a line from one phase to another or
just patch up a connection once power supply becomes available.
This abnormality is one of the major ingredients for voltage
fluctuations, electrical arcing and fire outbreak. It also does harm
to connected appliances

• AVOID USING SUBSTANDARD ELECTRICAL MATERIALS.
Money spent on sub-standard electrical materials, end up going
down the drain and you end having to pay all over again at higher
cost because of damage such materials would have caused. When
21
it comes to selection of electrical fittings and gadgets, please do
not .economize., because in doing so, you shortchange yourself and
open up your installation to deadly risks.

• NEVER USE AN UNDERSIZED CABLE
When you begin to feel your cable grow continuously warm and
getting hot, know that that heat is also energy being wasted and
you are paying for it. So if the cable is expected to deliver 100W of
electricity but it is becoming unduly hot in the process know that
more energy is being used up.
Secondly, the insulation of such a cable begins to break down and
such cable should be replaced with another one of higher capacity
to avoid disaster.

BENEFITS OF A PREPAID METER

Thank God, the prepaid metering scheme is now in the

country. Rather than rejecting the meter, please accept them

and replace all existing analog meters with these. The prepaid

meters gives the following benefits:

• No one needs to read your meter before you are billed.

• You don.t need to search for or wait for your energy bill

again.

• You can determine and control how much you spend on

monthly electricity bill.

• As long as the meter is not tampered with (and you

wouldn.t do such because it is a crime to do so) you have

no business entertaining PHCN official in your place.

• No one dare threaten you with disconnection notices and

attempts. The fear of getting back home and meeting

your electricity supply line disconnected from the pole is

over.

• No need for fear of theft as the meters are programmed

for every customer uniquely.

• What more, you can even purchase in your name even

when you are in a rented apartment .cos the meter can

be transferred when you move to another location

without stress. Just inform the Utility company and let

everything be done formally and according to procedure.

• When power fails the meter doesn.t bill you, and as long

as electric supply is off, your money is not deducted

• The cost of acquiring the meters can also be spread

across months, making it easier for you to purchase. This

is an arrangement though for customers who are

receiving bills but have no meters installed due to theft,

damage or unavailability of the meters in the past

UNDERSTANDING YOUR ELECTRICITY BILL

I have come to discover that we need to start from the basics before we can really begin to talk about solving the power problem in Nigeria. So I begin this by carefully looking at what makes up the power supply bill.

Yes, the first step is to ensure you are on the Utility billing system

(in this case PHCN). Some people think they are smart when they

prefer bribing officials rather than getting and settling their

electricity bills, if only they know how much they are being shortchanged!

Many people who even have a bill just collect it and only consider

the "PAY TOTAL DUE NOW", then complain that NEPA or PHCN is

wicked. Do you really understand how your electricity bill is

structured? Let.s consider that now.

WHAT ARE THE INFORMATION ON YOUR BILL

1. Account No

This is the number that your Utility company (PHCN) gives to

you and it is peculiar to you alone. However, if you stay in a

building of several apartments owned by a single Landlord, the

different bills may carry the same name but the account

numbers will be different.

Hence, you need to identify and make sure you make payment

on the bill that bears only YOUR OWN ACCOUNT NUMBER.

2. Name

This is the name of the account(s) holder

3. Service Address.

This is address of the place being billed.

4. Due Date

Date reflecting the point up to which you are being billed from

the previous month

5. Meter No

The serial number on your energy meter.

6. ADC

Average Daily Consumption

7. DIALS

The number of digits that will be read from your meter

8. Previous balance

Outstanding debt/credit from the previous month

9. Adjustment

Adjustments made on your bills by the Utility company to correct

either under-billing or over-billing

10. Net Arrears

The Outstanding balance after the necessary adjustments have

been made.

11. Description

This determines what you are being charged for an a monthly

basis and is as follows:

I. ENERGY

II. FIXED

III. METER MAINT

ENERGY

This is computed from the following parameters:

a. Tariff Code- this determines the rates on which your bill will

be based and is basically structured into four parts for non-

MD customers:

• Single Phase Residential Tariff -------------- R1 or R2

• Three Phase Residential Tariff --------------- R3

• Single Phase Commercial Tariff--------------C1

• Three Phase Commercial Tariff---------------C2

These are the basic categories available, though there might be

some other subdivision as determined by the utility company for

certain areas.

So check your bill, are you placed on the right tariff. If You are a

Single Phase Residential Customer and instead of R1 or R2 you

have C1 on your bills, then it means you are being billed higher

than what you are using, because C1 is for commercial

customers and has a higher rate than R1 & R2.

b. Read Date

Shows the date the present readings recorded on bill was taken

c. Present Reading

Shows your meter reading against the date as recorded by your

utility company

d. Previous Reading

Shows your Meter reading for the preceding month

e. Multiplier

The multiplying factor which essentially would have a value of 1

as long as the accuracy of your Energy meter is not in doubt

f. Consumption

This is the difference between the Present and Previous readings

multiplied by the multiplier to give the value of the total units of

electric energy used for the month

g. Current Charges

Is the product of the Consumption above and applicable Tariff

rate

FIXED

This is the fixed charges the electric utility charges monthly as

long as you remain a customer of the company. It does varies

for the various tariff structures but it is fixed.

METER MAINT

This is also another fixed charge that PHCN introduced some

couple of years back. Though many people have queried the

introduction, as the meter maintenance services it is supposedly

meant for, is never carried out and customers still pay for

Energy Meters, the METER MAINT still remains on the bill and

presently fixed on N100 and N500 for single and three phase

customers respectively.

12. OTHERS

The other vital details on the bill include:

LAR- last actual readings which gives the readings and date your

Meter was physically read and the readings used in the

processing of your bill.

Your tariff structure rate

Reconnection fee, if your supply is disconnected as a result of

default in bill settlement.

SOLVING THE POWER PROBLEM IN NIGERIA

I BELIEVE THE ERRATIC POWER SUPPLY IN THE LAST FEW WEEKS MUST HAVE AGAIN REKINDLED THE CLAMOUR FOR ALTERNATIVE POWER SUPPLY TO THE CONVENTIONAL SUPPLY BY PHCN.
I WAS AT WEBPOWER SOLAR POWER SEMINAR IN THE LAST WEEK OF APRIL AT EXCELLENCE HOTEL, OJODU BERGER. WHEN I SAW THE NUMBER OF PARTICIPANTS AND THE ZEAL WITH WHICH PARTICIPANTS FROM ALL OVER NIGERIA SOUGHT TO GARNER RELEVANT INFORMATION, I HAD TO AGREE WITH THE SEMINAR FACILITATOR THAT A REVOLUTION IS ABOUT TO TAKE PLACE.

OBVIOUSLY, MANY SEEMED TO HAVE THEIR HOPES DASHED AFTER DISCOVERING THE INITIALLY HIGH CAPITAL COST NECESSARY TO DEPLOY THIS ALTERNATIVE POWER SCHEME, BUT I BELIEVE THAT THERE IS NO BETTER TIME THAN NOW TO TAKE ON THE CHALLENGES OF EPILEPTIC AND NON-EXISTENT POWER SUPPLY.

LET'S LOOK AT THE PRESENT CHALLENGES, SEE HOW WE CAN OVERCOME THESE AND MOVE ON TO PROVIDE SOLUTION.
CHECK OUT THIS SITE http://www.ecobusinesslinks.com/solar_panels.htm FOR SOLAR PANEL PRICE RANGES

ELECTRITY SOLUTION GUIDE

HURRAY! FINALLY THE MUCH AWAITED ELECTRICITY SOLUTION GUIDE IS NOW FINALLY AVAILABLE IN HARD COPY. IN THIS GUIDE YOU WILL LEARN

• HOW TO DETERMINE YOUR ELECTRICITY BILL EVEN BEFORE GETTING YOUR BILLS
• HOW TO AVOID PAYING PHCN FOR ELECTRICITY YOU HAVE NOT USED
• HOW TO REDUCE YOUR electricity bill BY MORE THAN 50%
• HOW TO CONTINUALLY ENJOY SAFE POWER SUPPLY
• FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED BEFORE CHOOSING A GENERATOR
• SIZES, TYPES AND GENERATOR TROUBLE SHOOTING
• DC/AC POWER INVERTERS
• APPROPRIATE INVERTER BATTERY

SYSTEM SIZING FOR ALTERNATIVE POWER SUPPLY,AND LOTS MORE

IF YOU ARE REALLY SEEKING AN IMPROVEMENT IN ELECTRIC POWER SUPPLY IN NIGERIA, THEN YOU NEED THIS GUIDE.
INTRODUCTORY PRICE N1,500 (INCLUDING COST OF SPEED POST TO ANYWHERE WITHIN NIGERIA).
PAYMENT PROCEDURE: PAY TO ANY OF THE FOLLOWING BANK ACCOUNTS
INTERCONTINENTAL BANK-0202110000006164
GUARANTY TRUST BANK-903/443550/110
ACCOUNT NAME: OJO ADEBIYI D

AFTER PAYMENT TEXT NAME, ADDRESS AND AMOUNT PAID TO 08053622442 OR EMAIL-payments@beekoph.com
Your Electricity Guide will be sent to you latest 48 hours after payments have been confirmed. When sending mails, please check your inbox and spam folder for replies. If you have any questions, complaints or enquiries please call on 08053622442 or 037780138.
email-ojoadebiyi@gmail.com
See you at the top, remain blessed

WHY ELECTRICITY?

Electricity just like any other product, has certain quality characteristics such as voltage level and tolerance, frequency, environmental performance, …But it also has very unique features.

The main characteristic of electricity is its high quality, and its resulting capability to serve practically any energy service (light, appliances, motion, electronics, heat) from a single system. The price to pay for this high quality is the conversion loss in the thermal power station, a loss that has been steadily decreasing over the past century, and is now approaching its thermodynamical limit. Serving all energy needs from a single system reduces cost of technical installations to the end-user. The capital becoming available could be used to invest in energy conservation (insulation), energy efficiency (class A+ appliances) or renewable generation.

Replacing electricity with less electricity

The efficiency of appliances to convert electricity into energy services is increasing steadily, and still has improvement potential. For example:

• Losses in refrigeration have been reduced historically by a factor 5, from the levels at the end of the 80’s to the best available technology in class A+ appliances (fig 3).

• Energy use for individual lighting applications can be reduced by a factor 5 or more . Modern lighting solutions are 50-100 times more efficient than candles.

• Distribution transformers, one of the most efficient machines ever designed by man, can still reduce losses by a factor 3-4 through the use of amorphous iron

• In motor driven systems (pumps, compressors, fans, washing machines, electric trains), it is possible to reduce losses by 30% on average.

Using electricity instead of other energy carriers to save primary energy and CO2 emissions

Because of its high quality, using electricity instead other energy carriers can have a boosting effect to save primary energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, even when including conversion losses in power generation:

• The use of high speed electric trains instead of air transport reduces primary energy use per passenger.km by a factor 3 and CO2 emissions by a factor 4.

• Using electric trains instead of diesel trains reduces CO2 emissions by a factor 4 and primary energy use by a factor 2.

• Electric vehicles are twice as efficient as vehicles with internal combustion engines.

• Efficient heat pumps, drawing heat from the underground require 20-40 kWh of electricity to supply 100 kWh of heat; they typically reduce final energy demand for heating by at least a factor 3 and primary energy demand by at least 25%.

• With induction heaters for cooking, 90% of (final) energy goes in the pan, compared to 55% for gas-fired cooking.

• Modern high temperature heating solutions for industrial processes can in some cases save up to 80% of primary energy and up to 60% of CO2 emissions through their efficient use of primary energy.

Electricity for an efficient economy

At the next level, electricity – the only energy carrier that can power the digital economy – enables system-level efficiencies, eliminating or drastically reducing the need for certain energy services:

• Teleworking, reducing the need to commute

• Videoconferencing or webconferencing, reducing the need for travel

• Heating controls for building energy management, ensuring buildings are only heated when needed

• Dimmable lighting systems, ensuring exactly the right amount of light in the right place at the right time

• Process control technologies, especially in industry

culled from http://www.earthtoys.com

HAPPY NEW YEAR! WHERE ARE WE GOING?

HI, THE END OF 2007 TOOK UP MY TIME ON MY FIRST POWER SUPPLY EBOOK AND I WAS UNABLE TO GET ACROSS ON THIS PLATFORM. HOWEVER I HOPE TO MAKE UP FOR THE LOSS OF TIME THIS YEAR.
HOWEVER I WANT TO SHARE THIS CLIP FROM http://pepei.pennnet.com/, SO THAT WE CAN REFLECT ON WHERE WE ARE GOING WITH OUR POWER GENERATION.


China's Three Gorges project generates 61.6bn kWh of electricity in 2007

2 January 2008 - China's Three Gorges hydropower project generated 61.6bn kWh of electricity last year, about 25 per cent more power than in 2006, according to operator China Three Gorges Project Corporation.

To date, the hydropower station had transmitted 207bn kWh of electricity to 11 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions since it started operation in July 2003.
Currently, 21 turbines were operational with a total installed capacity of 13.3 million kW. Five more turbines would be added by year-end. The $22.5bn project was launched in 1993 in the mid-section of the Yangtze, China's longest river. Originally, its plan called for the 26 turbo-generators to produce 84.7bn kWh of electricity annually upon its scheduled completion in 2008. It was now to be expanded further to include six more turbines by 2012.

Hmm China is talking about an installed capacity of 13.3 Million KW while we are struggling to attain 10,000 MW.
Where do we go from here?